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Analyses |
| Marcin Popławski, Filip Rudnik
Since Gazprom lost a significant part of its European market, the Russian company has been looking for opportunities to export natural gas to new destinations, including Central Asia. Since the autumn of 2022, Russia has stepped up its…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Jakub Ber
The situation in the combat zones has not fundamentally changed. The Russians consolidated their position on the north-eastern outskirts of the coke-chemical complex, the main bastion of Ukrainian resistance in Avdiivka, while the…
OSW Report |
| OSWs Russian Department
Contents
MAIN POINTS
I. THE KREMLIN’S REACTION TO THE MUTINY
1. A shock to the system
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Russian forces recorded advances to the south-east of Avdiivka, where they took up positions in the built-up area of the town; according to some sources, they also made progress to its south-west, reaching the main line of Ukrainian…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
Although the West introduced sanctions on seaborne imports of Russian oil in December 2022, Russian budget revenues from oil exports have soared in the second half of this year. This suggests that the price cap has been largely ineffective…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska, Łukasz Kobeszko
On 13 October 2023, a law came into effect in Bulgaria which introduces an additional transit fee (referred to as the ‘energy levy’) for the import and transit of natural gas from the Russian Federation. The new levy was introduced as part…
Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
On 17 October, the Novosibirsk-based Food Export Trade and the state-owned China Chengtong International Ltd signed a 12-year ‘general contract’ to supply China with 70 million tonnes of grain, legumes and oilseeds produced in the Urals,…
OSW Commentary |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
Public funds became the most important lever of economic activity in the Russian Federation when it invaded Ukraine and due to Western sanctions. According to the Russian finance ministry’s estimates, the total value of budget support for…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
The Russians have fortified their positions on the north-eastern outskirts of Avdiivka, and made further attempts to break through the Ukrainian defences to the north-west, south and south-west of the town. Ukrainian forces tried to…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Russia’s attacks and Ukraine’s counter-attacks in the area of Avdiivka have led to the formation of a new defence line to the north-west and south of the town along the railway line which runs through it. However, repeated attempts by the…