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Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski
On 20 December 2022, the European Commission (EC) approved Germany’s requests for state aid to be offered to the nationalised energy companies Uniper and Securing Energy for Europe (SEFE, until June 2022 known as Gazprom Germania). In 2022…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
On 31 December, the Russians launched a missile attack in north-western Ukraine. Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal reported that civilian residential infrastructure in Kyiv was the main target, but a thermal power plant was also hit, among…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
On 29 December, the Russians launched their tenth consecutive missile strike against the enemy’s critical infrastructure, immediately preceded by a smaller-scale attack using kamikaze drones. According to the Ukrainian Air Force, on 30…
OSW Commentary |
| Michał Bogusz
In November 2022, China’s leader Xi Jinping embarked on a wide-ranging diplomatic campaign to prevent an uncontrolled breakdown of relations with the West, which should be considered a short-term success, at least in terms of reopening…
Analyses |
| Szymon Kardaś
On 27 December, Vladimir Putin signed a decree on measures to respond to price cap imposed by Western countries on Russian oil and petroleum products (see ‘Price cap on Russian oil: EU eases sanctions on Russia
Analyses |
| Kamil Całus, Andrzej Sadecki
On 17 December, the president of Azerbaijan and the prime ministers of Georgia, Hungary and Romania signed a strategic partnership agreement in Bucharest on the development and transport of green energy. The event was also attended by the…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
On 23 and 24 December, there was massive shelling of Kherson (it was attacked 41 times on Christmas Eve), which continued with less intensity (7–11 times a day) in the following days. 16 residents were killed and 64 wounded. Local…
Analyses |
| Lidia Gibadło, Justyna Gotkowska
On 14 December, the Budget Committee of the Bundestag approved first six armaments projects to be financed from the Bundeswehr’s off-budget €100 billion fund. The fund was established by the Bundestag in June 2022 to strengthen German and…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk
On 21 December, the Russian Defence Ministry College’s annual extended meeting was held with President Vladimir Putin’s participation. The main topic was the so-called special military operation, which is to continue ‘until the tasks are…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Andrzej Wilk
On 21 December, President Volodymyr Zelensky paid a visit to Washington. It was his first foreign trip since the Russian invasion. During his remarks, he thanked the United States for its assistance so far and expressed hope for continued…