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Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
On 22 September, 215 soldiers fighting on the Ukrainian side (including 108 from the Azov regiment) were exchanged for Viktor Medvedchuk – a pro-Russian politician with close personal ties to Vladimir Putin – and 55 Russian soldiers.…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
On 21 September, President Vladimir Putin signed the decree ‘On the announcement of partial mobilisation in the Russian Federation’. The document provides for the recruitment into the Russian Armed Forces of citizens obliged to serve in…
Analyses |
| Marek Menkiszak
On 20 September, the authorities of the puppet so-called Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics in the Russian-occupied part of the Ukrainian Donbas, as well as the Russian administrations of occupied parts of the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski
On 16 September, the German government announced that Rosneft Deutschland (RND) and RN Refining & Marketing (RNRM), which are owned by the Russian company Rosneft, would be placed under the trusteeship of the Federal Network Agency (…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Sadecki
On 18 September, the European Commission recommended withholding 65% of funding to Hungary for three cohesion policy operational programmes (€7.5 billion in total) in order to ‘ensure the protection of the financial interests of the EU…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Sadecki, Łukasz Kobeszko
Recently, the Croatian government has taken a series of measures against Hungarian companies operating in Croatia or planning to enter the Croatian market. According to the information from the Croatian Nacional daily, the government of…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Strachota, Katarzyna Chawryło, Michał Bogusz, Marek Menkiszak
On 15–16 September, the 22nd summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO; see Appendix) was held in Samarkand, with the participation of the leaders of its member states – China, Russia, India, Pakistan and all Central Asian…
Analyses |
| Kamil Kłysiński
Alyaksandr Lukashenka gave a keynote speech on Belarusian historical policy during the patriotic “This is our history!” forum which was held in Minsk on 17 September on the occasion of the National Unity Day celebrations. This public…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski, Sebastian Płóciennik, Kamil Frymark
On September 14, the German government began deploying the third relief package – it passed a bill to introduce a Citizens’ Basic Income (Bürgergeld), which will replace a benefit for the long-term unemployed within the Hartz IV system (…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski, Jadwiga Rogoża
The main arena of fighting remains the Donbas. Ukrainian forces are repelling attacks in the Bakhmut area and localities southeast and south. Russian assaults are also being held southwest of Donetsk, while the frequency of hostile strikes…