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OSW Commentary | | Michał Bogusz

Acceptance regardless of the costs Chinas stance on the Russia–North Korea alliance

The increasingly intensive cooperation between Russia and North Korea since September 2023 poses a significant threat to the US-led security system in East Asia. By fostering this partnership, Moscow is creating a new axis of international…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Kłysiński

Tough business in tough times Belarusian exports of potash fertilisers

The extraction of potash salts and their processing into fertilisers have long been hallmarks of Belarusian industrial success. The state-owned company Belaruskali accounted for up to 20% of the global market, relying entirely on domestic…
OSW Studies | | Maciej Kalwasiński

From boom to bubble. The real estate crisis in China

The real estate boom has been the cornerstone of the ‘economic miracle’ that in recent decades has elevated China to the world’s second-largest economy and turned its metropolises into symbols of China’s development, global power and…
Analyses | | Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski

North Korean soldiers in Russia Day 978 of the war

OSW Report | | Marek Menkiszak

Winning the war with Russia is still possible. The West’s counter-strategy towards Moscow

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine aims to subjugate or destroy Ukraine, overturn the current political and security order in Europe, and fundamentally revise the global order. The conflict is systemic in nature and will continue as…
OSW Commentary | | Michał Bogusz

Chinas pressure on the Philippines the risk of an escalating conflict

Despite its formal defence alliance with the United States, the Philippines has been grappling with China’s increasing pressure in the South China Sea. The growing number of maritime incidents risks escalating local tensions into a full-…
Analyses | | Miłosz Bartosiewicz, Katarzyna Chawryło

Success without breakthroughs the BRICS summit in Russia

Kazan hosted the 16th BRICS summit from 22 to 24 October.
Analyses | | Paulina Wankiewicz

Macron in Serbia business above all

During President Emmanuel Macron’s official visit to Belgrade from 29 to 30 August, Serbia and France signed several cooperation agreements in areas such as environmental protection, agriculture, the utilisation of critical raw materials,…
OSW Commentary | | Maciej Kalwasiński

The economy according to Xi Jinping a technological leap forward

In the vision for the economy presented by the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) at the Third Plenum of the 20th Central Committee (CC), technological progress is portrayed as the solution to the major issues affecting the…
OSW Report | | Robert Pszczel

New horizon. Implications for Poland’s security of NATO’s approach to the Indo-Pacific

The subject of this report is the evolution of NATO's approach to the Indo-Pacific and its implications for Poland's security policy. For a long time, the countries of this region based their relations with the Alliance on occasional…