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Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski, Szymon Kardaś
On 16 November, the German Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur, BNetzA) announced it was suspending the process of certifying Nord Stream 2 AG (NS2AG) as an independent transmission system operator. In its statement the regulator…
Analyses |
| Szymon Kardaś
In recent weeks, Russia has contributed to the deepening crisis on the European natural gas market, mainly by taking the following steps: abandoning the filling of warehouses which Gazprom owns or rents in selected EU countries; its lack…
Analyses |
| Szymon Kardaś, Andrzej Sadecki
On 27 September, representatives of the Hungarian state-owned energy company MVM and the Russian company Gazprom Export (a subsidiary of Gazprom) signed two new, long-term gas contracts in Budapest. The Hungarian Minister of Foreign…
Analyses |
| Szymon Kardaś
On 27 August this year, the Russian daily Kommersant reported that on 13 August, the president of Rosneft, Igor Sechin, sent a letter to the Russian president in which he requested that the largest Russian oil company be granted the right…
Analyses |
| Szymon Kardaś
On 6 September, Nord Stream 2 AG, which is 100% controlled by Gazprom, announced the completion of pipe laying for the second branch of the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) gas pipeline. On 10 June Gazprom confirmed that pipeline construction had been…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Ryszarda Formuszewicz, Szymon Kardaś
On 15 July, the Court of Justice of the EU dismissed Germany’s appeal against the judgement handed down by the General Court of September 2019 annulling the decision of the European Commission to allow Russia’s Gazprom greater use of the…
Analyses |
| Szymon Kardaś
On 4 June, during the International Economic Forum in St. Petersburg, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that the pipe-laying of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline’s first line (line B) had been completed. He also announced that the…
OSW Commentary |
| Szymon Kardaś
Expansion on the liquefied natural gas market has become one of the priority areas in Russia’s energy policy in recent years. This has been reflected in the statements made by government representatives and the many strategic documents…
OSW Commentary |
| Ryszarda Formuszewicz, Szymon Kardaś, Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Russian ships resumed laying the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) gas pipeline on the Baltic Sea bed in February this year. Russia’s goal is to complete the project and put it into operation as soon as possible. This coincided with media reports that…
OSW Commentary |
| Szymon Kardaś, Michał Kędzierski
Joint hydrogen energy projects are components of the comprehensive Russian-German energy cooperation which has been ongoing for more than five decades. Due to increasing demand for hydrogen resulting from Germany’s energy transition (…