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OSW Commentary | | Iwona Wiśniewska

War is the top priority Russia is facing increasingly serious budget problems

Public funds became the most important lever of economic activity in the Russian Federation when it invaded Ukraine and due to Western sanctions. According to the Russian finance ministry’s estimates, the total value of budget support for…
OSW Commentary | | Maria Domańska, Iwona Wiśniewska, Piotr Żochowski

Caught in the jaws of the russkiy mir Ukraines occupied regions a year after their annexation

Although Kremlin propaganda has attempted to present the occupied Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia oblasts as permanent elements of the Russian Federation (RF), Russia’s policy towards them has been characterised by violence and…