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OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska
NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
OSW Commentary |
| Lidia Gibadło, Justyna Gotkowska
On 14 June 2023, the German government adopted the country’s first ever national security strategy entitled ‘Integrated Security for Germany’. The strategy is guided by an ambitious comprehensive approach which emphasises the need to boost…
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska
For some time now, Germany has been vigorously discussing military aid deliveries to Ukraine. The German government, which made a landmark decision in the first days of the invasion to start supplying Kyiv with weapons, became more…
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has undermined the principle of German policy based on the notion that “the security of Europe can only be built with Russia, not against it”. Most German elites have come to understand that Putin’s Russia…
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański
The NATO member states do not have a common position concerning sending arms supplies to Ukraine. In January, under increasing military pressure from Russia, it was the US, the UK, the Baltic states, the Czech Republic and Poland which…
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska
At the end of July, US Defence Secretary Mark Esper announced plans to withdraw approximately 12 000 US troops from Germany. Reactions in Berlin were varied. The main narrative is that of Germany being penalised and transatlantic ties…
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska
This year’s Munich Security Conference has laid bare the differences in the US and German visions of international order and security in speeches given by Chancellor Angela Merkel and US Vice President Mike Pence. Germany fundamentally…
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska
As NATO has returned its focus to collective defence since 2014, very short, short-range and medium-range surface-based air defence has become a desirable capability.
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska
The new administration of President Donald Trump is pushing for its European allies to increase their defence budgets.
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska
Germany’s stance on strengthening NATO’s eastern flank has evolved over the last two years.