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OSW Commentary | | Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska

NATOs nuclear deterrence is it time for change

NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
Analyses | | Justyna Gotkowska, Jacek Tarociński

Finland becomes NATOs thirty-first member state

On 4 April, the seventy-fourth anniversary of NATO’s foundation, Finland became its thirty-first member. On that day, Turkey – the last country to approve Finnish membership in the Alliance – handed over its ratification documents to the…
Analyses | | Justyna Gotkowska, Jacek Tarociński

NATO enlargement Sweden and Finland facing Turkish objections

Since 20 June talks between representatives of Sweden, Finland and Turkey have been held at NATO’s headquarters to discuss the Turkish objections to the two countries joining the alliance. The talks were announced at the beginning of June…
OSW Commentary | | Justyna Gotkowska

Sweden and Finland on the threshold of NATO membership

On 17 May, the foreign ministers of Sweden and Finland signed their applications to join the North Atlantic Alliance, and these were officially submitted to NATO in Brussels a day later. This marked the end of a process of revolutionary…
OSW Studies | | Piotr Szymański, Justyna Gotkowska

Between co-operation and membership Sweden and Finlands relations with NATO

Sweden and Finland’s membership in NATO would significantly improve the level of security in the Baltic Sea region in the long-term by changing the politico-military imbalance that is currently in Russia’s favour. However, it is unlikely…
Analyses | | Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański

Gotland and Åland on the Baltic chessboard – Swedish and Finnish concerns

Sweden and Finland are increasingly concerned about the defence of their Baltic Sea islands, Gotland and the Åland Islands.
OSW Commentary | | Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański

The Nordic countries on Nord Stream 2 between scepticism and neutrality

Sweden, Finland and Denmark have seen a revival of the debate on the Nord Stream 2 project in recent months.
OSW Commentary | | Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański

Pro-American non-alignment Sweden and Finland develop closer military co-operation with the United States

Russia’s increasingly aggressive policy and its enhanced activity in the Nordic-Baltic region has led to revaluations in Sweden’s and Finland’s security policies.
Analyses | | Justyna Gotkowska

New quality in Finlands co-operation with NATO

On 8–9 October, Finland joined the Czech Republic, the USA and the Baltic states in the Baltic Regional Training Event XIII (BRTE) for the second time. BRTE is a series of NATO air force exercises in which partner states are also allowed…