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OSW Report | | Anna Kwiatkowska, Kamil Frymark, Michał Kędzierski, Lidia Gibadło, Sebastian Płóciennik, Justyna Gotkowska

Making up for lost time. Germany in the era of the Zeitenwende

Main points
Point of View | | Justyna Gotkowska

Swedens security. The long way towards total defence

Since 2008, Swedish security policy has drawn keen interest from the countries of the Nordic and Baltic states, NATO, as well as the US and Russia. The allied member states have hoped to see Sweden join NATO, while Russia has sought to…
OSW Report | | Justyna Gotkowska

A European Defence Union. The EU's new instruments in the area of security and defence

Since 2016, efforts to increase cooperation in the EU’s security and defence policy have accelerated. New initiatives have been undertaken in the military, industrial and civilian dimensions under the label of a European Defence Union. So…
Point of View | | Justyna Gotkowska

The trouble with PESCO. The mirages of European defence

The creation of Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) in December 2017 crowned the series of recent debates and actions aimed at strengthening the common security and defence policy of the EU.
OSW Studies | | Piotr Szymański, Justyna Gotkowska

Between co-operation and membership Sweden and Finlands relations with NATO

Sweden and Finland’s membership in NATO would significantly improve the level of security in the Baltic Sea region in the long-term by changing the politico-military imbalance that is currently in Russia’s favour. However, it is unlikely…
Point of View | | Justyna Gotkowska

A weak link Germany in the Euro-Atlantic security system

The German preference for dialogue and compromise in conflict situations may increasingly pose a risk to maintaining the cohesion and credibility of NATO.
Point of View | | Justyna Gotkowska

Norway and the Bear Norwegian defence policy - lessons for the Baltic Sea region

Norway is currently the only ‘old’ NATO member that strongly relies on the traditional dimension of NATO's collective defence.
Point of View | | Justyna Gotkowska

Sitting on the fence Swedish defence policy and the Baltic Sea region

Sweden finds itself in the midst of the most heated debates about defence policy and the direction of military reforms since the end of the Cold War, as Stockholm faces the challenge of finding a new military security formula.  
Point of View | | Justyna Gotkowska

Bundeswehr 30 The political military and social dimensions of the reform of the German armed forces

This reform of the Bundeswehr, launched in 2011, is the latest of the three decisive stages in the post-war transformation of the German armed forces. The reform aims at “constructing” the armed forces anew in the political, military and…
OSW Report | | Justyna Gotkowska

German Networks in the East German soft power in Eastern Europe Central Asia and the South Caucasus

Contact network building and political lobbying, development co-operation programmes and foreign cultural and science policy are vital for supporting the German economy – which relies heavily on exports – and for the country’s ambition to…