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Analyses |
| Krzysztof Strachota
An independence referendum took place in Iraqi Kurdistan (KRG) on 25 September. It met with unprecedentedly tough criticism from Turkey.
Analyses |
| Józef Lang, Krzysztof Strachota
The crisis in Qatar which began on 5 June, involving Saudi Arabia and its allies blocking the country, has provoked a significant and unprecedented activation of Turkey in the Middle East.
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Strachota
On 29th December Russia and Turkey announced a joint plan to introduce a ceasefire in Syria. On 31st December it received support from the UN Security Council.