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OSW Report | | Piotr Szymański

NATOs polar quartet. The US, Canada, Denmark and Norway in the Arctic

The Arctic is the part of the world that has been most severely affected by climate change. The Arctic Ocean is heating up, new opportunities for shipping and resource extraction are emerging, and international cooperation in the polar…
OSW Report | | Piotr Szymański

New ideas for total defence. Comprehensive security in Finland and Estonia

In recent years, the Nordic and Baltic region has witnessed a growing interest in the concept of comprehensive security, which hails from the Cold War doctrine of total defence. This originates from the regional pivot to territorial…
OSW Studies | | Piotr Szymański

With Russia right across the border. Finland’s security policy

Finland sees Russia as a source of opportunities and threats. On the one hand, Russia is an important trade partner. On the other hand, Finland is concerned by the Russian vision of the international order based on great powers’ spheres of…
OSW Studies | | Piotr Szymański

The multi-speed Baltic States Reinforcing the defence capabilities of Lithuania Latvia and Estonia

The Baltic states are often viewed by the West and Russia as a single region. However, the different economic and demographic potentials, strategic cultures and geographic location result in differences in their defence solutions.
OSW Studies | | Piotr Szymański, Justyna Gotkowska

Between co-operation and membership Sweden and Finlands relations with NATO

Sweden and Finland’s membership in NATO would significantly improve the level of security in the Baltic Sea region in the long-term by changing the politico-military imbalance that is currently in Russia’s favour. However, it is unlikely…