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OSW Studies | | Piotr Szymański

With Russia right across the border. Finland’s security policy

Finland sees Russia as a source of opportunities and threats. On the one hand, Russia is an important trade partner. On the other hand, Finland is concerned by the Russian vision of the international order based on great powers’ spheres of…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

Overstretched Denmarks security policy and armed forces in light of the new Defence Agreement

In January 2018, Denmark adopted a new Defence Agreement for 2018–2023 – a cross-party strategy for the development of the Danish armed forces.
Analyses | | Piotr Szymański

Nord Stream 2 Denmarks playing for time

On 30th November the Danish parliament amended the law on the continental shelf in the section which concerns consent to lay pipelines and cables in Danish territorial sea.
Analyses | | Piotr Szymański

Course correction in the Finnish army investments in combat readiness and reserves

On 14 August, the Finnish Defence Ministry began implementing the recommendations of the government’s Defence Report which the parliament adopted in June.
OSW Studies | | Piotr Szymański

The multi-speed Baltic States Reinforcing the defence capabilities of Lithuania Latvia and Estonia

The Baltic states are often viewed by the West and Russia as a single region. However, the different economic and demographic potentials, strategic cultures and geographic location result in differences in their defence solutions.
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Szymon Kardaś, Piotr Szymański

The European Commission is ready to talk to Russia about Nord Stream 2

On 28 March, the European Commission sent a letter to the governments of Denmark and Sweden, in which it confirmed its position on Nord Stream 2.
OSW Studies | | Piotr Szymański, Justyna Gotkowska

Between co-operation and membership Sweden and Finlands relations with NATO

Sweden and Finland’s membership in NATO would significantly improve the level of security in the Baltic Sea region in the long-term by changing the politico-military imbalance that is currently in Russia’s favour. However, it is unlikely…
Analyses | | Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański

Gotland and Åland on the Baltic chessboard – Swedish and Finnish concerns

Sweden and Finland are increasingly concerned about the defence of their Baltic Sea islands, Gotland and the Åland Islands.
OSW Commentary | | Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański

The Nordic countries on Nord Stream 2 between scepticism and neutrality

Sweden, Finland and Denmark have seen a revival of the debate on the Nord Stream 2 project in recent months.
Analyses | | Piotr Szymański, Piotr Żochowski, Witold Rodkiewicz

Enforced cooperation the Finnish-Russian migration crisis

The influx of migrants to the Russian borders with Norway and Finland could not have happened without the supervision of Russian security services.