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OSW Report | | Michał Bogusz, Jakub Jakóbowski, Witold Rodkiewicz

The Beijing-Moscow axis. The foundations of an asymmetric alliance

The asymmetric alliance between Russia and China is the product of a long and unevenly paced process of relation-building that was launched by both sides shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
OSW Report | | Michał Bogusz, Jakub Jakóbowski

The Chinese Communist Party and its state. Xi Jinping's conservative turn

The fundamental feature of the Chinese political system is the primacy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and its control over all areas of the state’s operation as well as a large part of the economy. The CCP regards the state as a tool…
Point of View | | Jakub Jakóbowski

The drifting of Chinas reforms Economic policy during Xi Jinpings first term

The slackening pace of important economic reforms, as well as the stimulus measures taken in response to the 2008 crisis to boost investments, have all led to a huge build-up of debt and created imbalances in the Chinese economy, including…