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Analyses | | Michał Kędzierski, Szymon Kardaś, Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Germanys non-paper defending Nord Stream 2 addressed to the members of the US Congress

On 28 November, the American news website Axios reported on a non-paper that was sent on 19 November by the German government, via the embassy in Washington, to members of the US Congress concerning the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline. Its…
Analyses | | Michał Kędzierski, Szymon Kardaś

The Federal Network Agency suspends the process of certifying Nord Stream 2

On 16 November, the German Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur, BNetzA) announced it was suspending the process of certifying Nord Stream 2 AG (NS2AG) as an independent transmission system operator. In its statement the regulator…
OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Dębiec, Michał Kędzierski

Lignite in the Czech Republic and Germany controversies and prospects

Lignite still plays an important role in the Czech and German power industries, remaining one of their key sources of electricity. These countries, together with Poland, are the largest producers and consumers of this fuel in the EU. The…
OSW Commentary | | Szymon Kardaś, Michał Kędzierski

A hydrogen alliance The potential for German-Russian cooperation in hydrogen energy

Joint hydrogen energy projects are components of the comprehensive Russian-German energy cooperation which has been ongoing for more than five decades. Due to increasing demand for hydrogen resulting from Germany’s energy transition (…