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Analyses |
| Lidia Gibadło, Michał Kędzierski
On 24–25 September, Olaf Scholz visited Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar. In Jeddah, he met with heir to the throne Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman. They discussed energy and economic cooperation, particularly hydrogen…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski
On 21 September 2022, Germany’s Vice Chancellor and Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (Greens) presented the details of a new rescue plan for the Uniper energy company. Pursuant to an agreement with its largest stakeholder,…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski
On 16 September, the German government announced that Rosneft Deutschland (RND) and RN Refining & Marketing (RNRM), which are owned by the Russian company Rosneft, would be placed under the trusteeship of the Federal Network Agency (…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski, Sebastian Płóciennik, Kamil Frymark
On September 14, the German government began deploying the third relief package – it passed a bill to introduce a Citizens’ Basic Income (Bürgergeld), which will replace a benefit for the long-term unemployed within the Hartz IV system (…
OSW Commentary |
| Michał Kędzierski
The LNG terminal projects planned so far in Germany could not be implemented due to unfavourable regulatory and market conditions. The ability to opt for cheaper Russian gas, imported via pipelines, was one of the main obstacles since the…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski
On 12 May, the Bundestag voted through an amendment to the Act on ensuring the energy supply (Energiesicherungsgesetz). This significantly increases the scope for state interference in the activities of companies managing Germany's…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski, Szymon Kardaś, Agata Łoskot-Strachota
On 22 February, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz announced that he had instructed the economy minister Robert Habeck to withdraw the positive assessment of the impact of launching the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) gas pipeline on the security of gas…
OSW Commentary |
| Michał Kędzierski
The German economy is heavily dependent on natural gas, almost all of which it purchases from foreign suppliers. More than half of this is from Russia. For years, Germany underestimated the dangerous degree of its gas dependence on Russia…
OSW Report |
| Michał Kędzierski
The phasing out of coal (Kohleausstieg) is the next stage of Germany’s energy transformation, after nuclear power plant shutdowns. Lignite and hard coal still play an important role in the German energy sector, but are also a significant…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski
In 2022, the German hydrogen foundation H2Global will begin full-scale operations. The go-ahead comes after the European Commission confirmed on 20 December 2021 that its model complies with EU regulations on state aid, and after receiving…