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Analyses | | Iwona Wiśniewska, Andrzej Wilk, Sławomir Matuszak, Adam Michalski

Russia renewed blockade of Ukrainian grain exports by sea

On 29 October, explosions occurred at the Russian Black Sea Fleet base in Sevastopol, most likely the result of an attack using unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) in the form of explosive-laden speedboats. The incident was reported by Moscow…
Analyses | | Adam Michalski

Russian-Turkish plans to build a gas hub

On 14 October, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan unexpectedly (and despite earlier abstinence on the part of the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources) approved President Vladimir Putin’s initiative to build a Turkish-Russian gas…
Analyses | | Adam Michalski, Krzysztof Nieczypor, Iwona Wiśniewska

Grain under fire agreement to unblock Black Sea ports

On July 22 in Istanbul – after a series of negotiations initiated by Turkey with the participation of the UN – Ukraine and Russia agreed on the terms for the creation of a secure corridor for the transportation of grain, food and…