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OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski, Jacek Tarociński

On the warpath the development and modernisation of the Baltic states armed forces

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 reinforced the sense of threat from Russia in the Baltic states, and spurred them to speed up the implementation of their national defence policies. Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia…
OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski, Jacek Tarociński

The Baltic states and Finland fencing themselves off from Russia and Belarus

The migratory pressure on the Polish, Lithuanian and Latvian borders with Belarus which has been ongoing since mid-2021, as well as Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, have spurred the Baltic states and Finland to ramp up their…
OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski

How to postpone a demographic crisis Estonia and the lifeline of immigration

Estonia is the only one of the three Baltic states to have recorded stable population growth in recent years. The main reason for this has been the increasingly positive rates of immigration and re-remigration, which have enabled Estonia…