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Analyses |
| Piotr Szymański, Jacek Tarociński
On 17 December, the Swedish parliament adopted the country’s defence resolution for 2025–2030. This is the first document to outline the primary directions for military cooperation and the development of Sweden’s defence capabilities in…
Analyses |
| Jacek Tarociński
On 17 October, the defence ministers of Estonia and the United Kingdom signed a bilateral defence roadmap, outlining steps to further enhance the British military presence in Estonia. From July 2025, the UK will maintain a light brigade on…
Analyses |
| Jacek Tarociński
On 21 June, the Norwegian parliament adopted an amendment to the 2024 budget law, which increases defence funding from 91 to 104 billion Norwegian kroner (€9.14 billion). This will enable Norway to reach its defence spending target of 2%…
Analyses |
| Piotr Szymański, Jacek Tarociński
On 30 April, Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen’s government (a coalition of the Social Democrats, the liberal Venstre party and the Moderates) and the majority of the opposition reached a landmark cross-party defence agreement to raise…
OSW Commentary |
| Bartosz Chmielewski, Jacek Tarociński
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 reinforced the sense of threat from Russia in the Baltic states, and spurred them to speed up the implementation of their national defence policies. Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia…
Analyses |
| Jacek Tarociński
On 30 April, the defence ministers of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden signed a document setting out their overall common vision for the development of Nordic defence cooperation up to 2030 under NORDEFCO. Their collaboration…
Analyses |
| Jacek Tarociński
The second round of the presidential election in Finland was held on 11 February, and all the votes were counted on the same day. The winner was Alexander Stubb, running on behalf of the centre-right National Coalition Party, which…
Analyses |
| Jacek Tarociński
Sweden, Finland and Denmark signed bilateral Defence Cooperation Agreements (DCAs) with the United States in December. Under the DCAs, the US ArmedForces have been granted unrestricted access to the military infrastructure (air, sea and…
OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Graca, Jacek Tarociński
Sweden has been on the threshold of membership in NATO since the Alliance’s Madrid summit in June 2022. However, for its full-fledged participation in all NATO political and military structures, it still needs Turkey and Hungary to ratify…
OSW Commentary |
| Bartosz Chmielewski, Jacek Tarociński
The migratory pressure on the Polish, Lithuanian and Latvian borders with Belarus which has been ongoing since mid-2021, as well as Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, have spurred the Baltic states and Finland to ramp up their…