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OSW Commentary | | Marcin Popławski

Crisis as an opportunity A new stage in EU-Central Asia relations

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has changed the European Union’s approach to Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). Over the last two years, it has become more important for the EU to maintain this…
OSW Report | | Konrad Popławski, Sandra Baniak, Adam Michalski, Marcin Popławski

The Middle Corridor. A Eurasian alternative to Russia

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has now been ongoing for almost two years, is not only leading to significant political re-evaluations, but is also bringing with it significant transformations in Eurasian transport routes. One of the…
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Popławski

Kazakhstan heading towards uncertainty

Together with a domestic crisis at the beginning of 2022, followed by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Kazakhstan entered a period of fundamental challenges and re-evaluations. It took President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 14 months to stabilise…