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OSW Studies | | Rafał Sadowski

Cross-border Co-operation at the new Eastern Border of the European Union

The European Union's new border with Eastern European countries, Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, is approximately 3000 km long. It has vital meaning for the Union in terms of security as well as for social and economic reasons. Unlike the…
OSW Studies | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein, Miryna Kutysz

Russian-speakers in Latvia and Estonia

Russians or so-called Russian-speakers in Latvia and Estonia pose a significant problem for both countries. Russian-speakers are a numerous minority in Latvia and Estonia, which causes deep division in these countries from the ethnical…
OSW Studies | | Bartosz Cichocki

The Eastern External Border of the Enlarged European Union

Public debate continues to be full of myths and misconceptions about the conditions at the Community's new external borders and the consequences of enlargement in this respect.