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OSW Commentary | | Jakub Jakóbowski

Chinas foreign direct investments within the 16+1 cooperation formula strategy institutions results

The development of the ‘16+1’ format largely reflected China’s strategic aims defined at the beginning of the diplomatic offensive in the region.
Analyses | | Jakub Jakóbowski, Joanna Hyndle-Hussein, Marcin Kaczmarski

The ChinaCentral and Eastern Europe summit a new vision of cooperation old instruments

One of the principal aims underlying China’s development of the ‘16+1’ format is to increase its soft power in Europe.
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Kaczmarski

China on Central-Eastern Europe 16+1 as seen from Beijing

Regardless of the limited effectiveness of activities carried out so far, China has continued its ‘16+1’ initiative.