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OSW Commentary | | Jakub Jakóbowski

Chinas foreign direct investments within the 16+1 cooperation formula strategy institutions results

The development of the ‘16+1’ format largely reflected China’s strategic aims defined at the beginning of the diplomatic offensive in the region.
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Groszkowski

Prime Minister Ficos Russian card

Since the beginning of the Ukrainian-Russian conflict, the position of Slovakia’s left-wing government towards Russia has been ambiguous.
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Kaczmarski

China on Central-Eastern Europe 16+1 as seen from Beijing

Regardless of the limited effectiveness of activities carried out so far, China has continued its ‘16+1’ initiative.