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OSW Commentary | | Miłosz Szymański, Krzysztof Strachota

Erosion of the post-Soviet system in Central Asia

In 2022, post-Soviet Central Asia experienced a number of fundamental challenges that undermine and redefine the systemic foundations of order and stability that have been in place in the region over the past decades. Some of these…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Górecki

Tokayevs Perestroika Kazakhstan in the face of internal and external challenges

On 5 June Kazakhstan held a constitutional referendum. Almost 80% of the voters (on a turnout of 68%) supported the adoption of a package of amendments that covered more than a third of the articles of the Basic Law (a total of 56…