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Analyses | | Jakub Graca, Witold Rodkiewicz

OSCE Ministerial Council in Skopje concessions to Russia in the name of preserving the institution

The annual meeting of the OSCE Ministerial Council took place from 30 November to 1 December in the capital of North Macedonia. Due to the participation of Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov in the meeting, the foreign ministers of…
Analyses | | Ilona Gizińska, Łukasz Kobeszko

Bulgaria introduces additional fees for Russian gas transit

On 13 October 2023, a law came into effect in Bulgaria which introduces an additional transit fee (referred to as the ‘energy levy’) for the import and transit of natural gas from the Russian Federation. The new levy was introduced as part…