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OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

Transnistria in the new international reality

The resistance of the defenders of Ukraine, which resulted in the failure of the original goals of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine launched in 2022, has brought about a radical change in the political and economic situation of the…
OSW Commentary | | Jacek Tarociński

Military exercises on NATOs north-eastern flank Moving towards intensification and synchronisation

2023 was a landmark year in terms of the scale and intensity of international military exercises among the countries on NATO’s north-eastern flank, as well as the coordination between these exercises. This was a culmination of the process…
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Ber

At war with nature The impact of the Russian invasion on Ukraines natural environment

The Russian invasion of Ukraine, which started in February 2022, has caused not only the deaths and suffering of thousands of people, but also huge environmental damage. It has also exacerbated the enormous environmental problems of the…
OSW Commentary | | Witold Rodkiewicz, Tadeusz Iwański

The long war Ukraine and Russia after the failure of the Ukrainian counteroffensive

No major success has been seen during the past five months of the Ukrainian counteroffensive. In an interview for the Economist on 1 November, General Valerii Zaluzhnyi, the Ukrainian army’s commander-in-chief, described the situation on…
OSW Commentary | | Maria Domańska

Fighting hostile memory the vandalism of Polish monuments in Russia

In 2023, Russia has seen a spike in acts of destruction or removal from public space of monuments and symbols commemorating the victims of political repression, primarily Poles. This is connected with Russia’s full-scale assault on Ukraine…
OSW Commentary | | Maria Domańska, Stefan Ingvarsson

Russia in exile. Support for Russian political migrants as an instrument to increase European security

Russia is currently experiencing the largest wave of politically driven emigration in its modern history. Among the hundreds of thousands of migrants, a relatively small but active group of civic activists, politicians, journalists and…
OSW Commentary | | Iwona Wiśniewska

War is the top priority Russia is facing increasingly serious budget problems

Public funds became the most important lever of economic activity in the Russian Federation when it invaded Ukraine and due to Western sanctions. According to the Russian finance ministry’s estimates, the total value of budget support for…
OSW Commentary | | Filip Rudnik

Fanning the flames crisis on the Russian fuel market

The increase in fuel prices in Russia seen since the beginning of the year and fuel shortages at individual gas stations forced an unprecedented response from the government: a ban on the export of diesel oil and gasoline. According to…
OSW Commentary | | OSW team

The EU debate on qualified majority voting in the Common Foreign and Security Policy Reform and enlargement

The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the discussion about possible EU enlargement have given new impetus to the EU debate on institutional reforms. It is mainly Germany which has been setting the tone in this debate. For the ruling SPD-…
OSW Commentary | | Maria Domańska, Iwona Wiśniewska, Piotr Żochowski

Caught in the jaws of the russkiy mir Ukraines occupied regions a year after their annexation

Although Kremlin propaganda has attempted to present the occupied Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia oblasts as permanent elements of the Russian Federation (RF), Russia’s policy towards them has been characterised by violence and…