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Analyses | | Jacek Tarociński

Finland Sweden and Denmark Defence Cooperation Agreements with the USA

Sweden, Finland and Denmark signed bilateral Defence Cooperation Agreements (DCAs) with the United States in December. Under the DCAs, the US ArmedForces have been granted unrestricted access to the military infrastructure (air, sea and…
Analyses | | Michał Kędzierski

Germany a huge contract for Norwegian gas

On 19 December 2023, Securing Energy for Europe (SEFE), a German state-controlled gas company, signed a long-term contract with the Norwegian Equinor energy company to supply 111 TWh of gas annually in the period from 2024 to 2034 (which…
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Graca, Jacek Tarociński

Sweden in NATO the rear for the Alliances north-eastern flank

Sweden has been on the threshold of membership in NATO since the Alliance’s Madrid summit in June 2022. However, for its full-fledged participation in all NATO political and military structures, it still needs Turkey and Hungary to ratify…
Analyses | | Jakub Graca, Witold Rodkiewicz

Russia is putting migration pressure on the border with Finland

For several days Finland has been facing a rise in the number of asylum seekers arriving on Finnish territory from Russia via crossing points on the southern section of the border. Most of these migrants are third-country nationals who do…
Analyses | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein

The Balticconnector gas pipeline damage

On 8 October, the gas transmission operators (Finland’s Gasgrid and Estonia’s Elering) noticed a drop in pressure in the Balticconnector bi-directional undersea gas pipeline, which connects the gas systems of Finland and Estonia through…
OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski, Jacek Tarociński

The Baltic states and Finland fencing themselves off from Russia and Belarus

The migratory pressure on the Polish, Lithuanian and Latvian borders with Belarus which has been ongoing since mid-2021, as well as Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, have spurred the Baltic states and Finland to ramp up their…
Analyses | | Jacek Tarociński

Finlands new government coalition 2 of GDP to be allocated on defence despite budget cuts

On 20 June, Finland’s president Sauli Niinistö appointed a government composed of the centre-right National Coalition Party, the right-wing Finns Party, the centrist Swedish People’s Party of Finland and the Christian Democrats. A 240-page…
Analyses | | Jacek Tarociński

Denmark higher spending on defence and military support for Ukraine

On 30 May, Denmark’s acting defence minister Troels Lund Poulsen presented the government’s proposal for the new Defence Agreement covering the 2024–33 period. It provides for additional defence spending of 143 billion kroner (€19.20…
Analyses | | Justyna Gotkowska, Jacek Tarociński

Finland becomes NATOs thirty-first member state

On 4 April, the seventy-fourth anniversary of NATO’s foundation, Finland became its thirty-first member. On that day, Turkey – the last country to approve Finnish membership in the Alliance – handed over its ratification documents to the…
OSW Report | | Piotr Szymański

NATOs polar quartet. The US, Canada, Denmark and Norway in the Arctic

The Arctic is the part of the world that has been most severely affected by climate change. The Arctic Ocean is heating up, new opportunities for shipping and resource extraction are emerging, and international cooperation in the polar…