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OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

Transnistria in the new international reality

The resistance of the defenders of Ukraine, which resulted in the failure of the original goals of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine launched in 2022, has brought about a radical change in the political and economic situation of the…
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Jędrysiak

Putting Russia on trial Ukrainian efforts to establish a tribunal for crimes of aggression

Almost since the beginning of the Russian invasion, Ukraine has been calling for the establishment of a special international tribunal to prosecute Russia for its crime of aggression against Ukraine. This is because the International…
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Ber

At war with nature The impact of the Russian invasion on Ukraines natural environment

The Russian invasion of Ukraine, which started in February 2022, has caused not only the deaths and suffering of thousands of people, but also huge environmental damage. It has also exacerbated the enormous environmental problems of the…
OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Nieczypor

Ukraine the worlds biggest minefield

According to the Ukrainian government, around 174,000 km2 of the country’s territory potentially requires demining. This is almost a third of Ukraine’s total area. Although this estimate seems to be exaggerated, the threat of mines and…
OSW Commentary | | Witold Rodkiewicz, Tadeusz Iwański

The long war Ukraine and Russia after the failure of the Ukrainian counteroffensive

No major success has been seen during the past five months of the Ukrainian counteroffensive. In an interview for the Economist on 1 November, General Valerii Zaluzhnyi, the Ukrainian army’s commander-in-chief, described the situation on…
OSW Commentary | | OSW team

Neighbourly feuds The problem with Ukrainian grain on the Central European markets

Since the EU decided in June 2022 to temporarily lift customs duties on Ukrainian imports, including agri-food imports, the sudden inflow of grain from Ukraine has become increasingly problematic for Central European countries. In May this…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Kłysiński

A depopulating country Belaruss demographic situation

Since the beginning of the 1990s, Belarus’s demographic situation has seen a steady decline in its population. This has been due to both a declining birth rate and increasing emigration. As a consequence, from the beginning of Belarusian…
OSW Commentary | | Maria Domańska, Iwona Wiśniewska, Piotr Żochowski

Caught in the jaws of the russkiy mir Ukraines occupied regions a year after their annexation

Although Kremlin propaganda has attempted to present the occupied Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia oblasts as permanent elements of the Russian Federation (RF), Russia’s policy towards them has been characterised by violence and…
OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski, Jacek Tarociński

The Baltic states and Finland fencing themselves off from Russia and Belarus

The migratory pressure on the Polish, Lithuanian and Latvian borders with Belarus which has been ongoing since mid-2021, as well as Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, have spurred the Baltic states and Finland to ramp up their…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Kłysiński

Towards a dependence with no alternative Russias increased role in the Belarusian economy

Macroeconomic data for the first six months of 2023 confirm Belarus’s steadily increasing dependence on Russia. In the second year of the war, Minsk is paying a high price for its complicity in Russia’s aggression, the regime’s acts of…