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Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik
On 21 November, the United States further tightened financial restrictions on Russia. This time, Gazprombank, along with its Swiss-based subsidiaries and over 50 smaller Russian banks involved in facilitating Russian foreign trade, was…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
OSW Commentary |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
On 21 November, the State Duma approved, at the third reading, the draft federal budget for 2025 and the general parameters of the 2026–27 budgets. Expenditure will increase for another consecutive year, primarily due to spending on…
Analyses |
| Marek Menkiszak
On 21 November, Russia launched a medium-range ballistic missile of a new type, identified by the US as a modified version of the prototype RS-26 Rubezh intercontinental ballistic missile, which targeted the Yuzhmash/Pivdenmash plant in…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk
On 17 November, Western media outlets including The New York Times and Le Figaro reported that Ukraine had received approval to use US-made ATACMS ballistic missiles and British/French-made Storm Shadow/SCALP cruise missiles against…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Katarzyna Chawryło, Marek Menkiszak, Witold Rodkiewicz
Official Russian reactions to Donald Trump’s victory have been reserved yet consistent, giving the impression of a deliberate political signal aimed both at the domestic Russian audience (tempering expectations for a swift end to the war…
OSW Report |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
As a result of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, which has been ongoing since 2014, and the ensuing Western sanctions, Russia has reoriented its foreign trade towards the East. This is a permanent shift which stems from Russia’s…