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Analyses | | Łukasz Kobeszko

Bulgaria and Romania join the Schengen Area no more second-class membership

On 12 December, the EU Council decided to fully integrate Bulgaria and Romania into the Schengen Area as of 1 January 2025. This was made possible by a shift in Austria’s position, which had been the final EU member state to oppose their…
Analyses | | Kamil Całus

Romania Constitutional Court annuls the presidential election

On 6 December, Romania’s Constitutional Court decided not to recognise the results of the first round of the presidential election, which took place on 24 November, and ordered the entire electoral process to be repeated. In its rationale…
Analyses | | Kamil Całus

Romania after the parliamentary election a shift to the right

In the parliamentary election held in Romania on 1 December, the centre-left Social Democratic Party (PSD), which co-formed the ruling coalition, secured the largest share of the vote, gaining 22.4% in the Senate election and 22.1% in the…
Analyses | | Kamil Całus

Romania the radical rights unexpected success in the first round of the presidential election

The far-right populist Călin Georgescu unexpectedly won the first round of the presidential election in Romania on 24 November, contrary to all forecasts and exit polls. Georgescu was running as a formally independent candidate, although…
OSW Report | | Marek Menkiszak

Winning the war with Russia is still possible. The West’s counter-strategy towards Moscow

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine aims to subjugate or destroy Ukraine, overturn the current political and security order in Europe, and fundamentally revise the global order. The conflict is systemic in nature and will continue as…
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska

NATOs nuclear deterrence is it time for change

NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
OSW Commentary | | Zuzanna Krzyżanowska

On the trail of the grey wolf pan-Turkism in Turkeys foreign policy

Ankara’s active policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia is linked among other things with pan-Turkism, an idea which advocates the integration of the Turkic nations. It is continuously present in the political culture of the Turkish state…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

A shift further to the right Radical parties are gaining popularity in Romania

Over the past year or so, Romania has seen a rapid increase in the popularity of radical and Eurosceptic right-wing parties which are unwilling to provide military or financial support to Ukraine and sometimes openly advocate for…