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Analyses |
| Łukasz Kobeszko
On 12 December, the EU Council decided to fully integrate Bulgaria and Romania into the Schengen Area as of 1 January 2025. This was made possible by a shift in Austria’s position, which had been the final EU member state to oppose their…
OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska
NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
OSW Commentary |
| Zuzanna Krzyżanowska
Ankara’s active policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia is linked among other things with pan-Turkism, an idea which advocates the integration of the Turkic nations. It is continuously present in the political culture of the Turkish state…