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OSW Commentary |
| Michał Bogusz
The increasingly intensive cooperation between Russia and North Korea since September 2023 poses a significant threat to the US-led security system in East Asia. By fostering this partnership, Moscow is creating a new axis of international…
OSW Commentary |
| Kamil Całus, Krzysztof Nieczypor
On 30 October, the European Commission published its annual enlargement reports containing a detailed assessment of the state of play and the progress made by the countries seeking to join the European Union, including Ukraine and Moldova…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Sławomir Matuszak
On 19 November, the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) adopted (by a majority of 257 votes) the 2025 budget law, specifying that the country’s spending will amount to 3.94 trillion hryvnias (approximately $95.5 billion) and its revenues…
OSW Commentary |
| Sławomir Matuszak, Piotr Żochowski
The increasing number of men who have been granted deferment from military service in recent months and the problems in the implementation of mobilisation plans have urged the Ukrainian authorities to carry out an audit of companies deemed…
OSW Commentary |
| Kamil Kłysiński
The extraction of potash salts and their processing into fertilisers have long been hallmarks of Belarusian industrial success. The state-owned company Belaruskali accounted for up to 20% of the global market, relying entirely on domestic…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk
On 17 November, Western media outlets including The New York Times and Le Figaro reported that Ukraine had received approval to use US-made ATACMS ballistic missiles and British/French-made Storm Shadow/SCALP cruise missiles against…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
OSW Commentary |
| Robert Pszczel
For many years, a variety of concepts linked with the so-called European security and defence identity had appeared, vanished and re-emerged in the public space. Numerous terms and ideas related to this concept have been enjoying life of…