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OSW Report |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The launch of Russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine and its economic war with the West have led to an unprecedented reduction in the European Union’s energy ties with Moscow. Brussels has proven more willing than many expected to…
Analyses |
| Aleksandra Kozaczyńska
On 2 October, the Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) development bank began accepting proposals for co-funding from the German Raw Material Fund (Rohstofffonds), which was established in September on the government’s initiative. The fund…
Analyses |
| Lidia Gibadło
In September this year, the German Foreign Ministry published a document titled Germany’s Arctic Policy Guidelines: Germany and the Arctic in the Context of the Climate Crisis and the Zeitenwende. In this document, the ministry outlined…
OSW Commentary |
| Wojciech Górecki
The 12 years of Georgian Dream (GD) rule have been marked by a series of successes in terms of political effectiveness and tangible achievements. The party has won parliamentary and local elections three times, and candidates backed by…
Analyses |
| Jakub Ber, Piotr Żochowski, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
On 7 October, Slovak-Ukrainian intergovernmental consultations were held near Uzhhorod, in the Zakarpattia Oblast. During the meeting, the two sides reviewed the progress of the projects outlined in the so-called roadmap, which had been…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
On 1 October, the left-liberal Czech Pirate Party (Pirates) exited the government coalition. This development was a direct consequence of Prime Minister Petr Fiala’s (of the right-wing Civic Democratic Party, ODS) decision to remove the…
Analyses |
| Joanna Hyndle-Hussein, Kamil Kłysiński
On 30 September, officials from the Lithuanian Ministry of Justice submitted a request to the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague on behalf of the Republic of Lithuania to initiate an investigation into the situation in Belarus…
Analyses |
| Jakub Ber, Piotr Żochowski, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses |
| Adam Michalski
On 2 September, Turkish state-owned energy company BOTAŞ signed a 10-year contract with the British oil giant Shell for the annual supply of four billion cubic metres of gas to Turkey starting in January 2027. The contract also allows for…