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OSW Commentary |
| Marek Menkiszak
Recent weeks have brought further displays of Russia’s escalating aggressive rhetoric and actions towards Ukraine, including troop movements near its border, as well as use of energy as leverage. This raises questions about Moscow’s…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski, Szymon Kardaś
On 16 November, the German Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur, BNetzA) announced it was suspending the process of certifying Nord Stream 2 AG (NS2AG) as an independent transmission system operator. In its statement the regulator…
OSW Commentary |
| Sławomir Matuszak
Over the past year, President Volodymyr Zelensky has changed his rhetoric towards representatives of big business, commonly referred to as oligarchs. He has made a shift from the position of a neutral arbiter to uttering slogans about…
OSW Report |
| Michał Bogusz, Jakub Jakóbowski, Witold Rodkiewicz
The asymmetric alliance between Russia and China is the product of a long and unevenly paced process of relation-building that was launched by both sides shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Analyses |
| Maria Domańska
On 11 November, the Russian Prosecutor General's Office petitioned the Supreme Court to liquidate the Memorial organisation (full name: International Historical and Educational, Charity and Human Rights Society “Memorial”) along with its…
Analyses |
| Joanna Hyndle-Hussein
As the migration crisis intensified, on 9 November the Seimas of Lithuania, upon request by the government and supported by President Gitanas Nausėda, adopted a resolution on the introduction of a state of emergency along the 679 km-long…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
According to President Vladimir Putin's instructions, Gazprom began filling its European gas storage facilities on 8 November. According to information from the company, on 9 November a plan to pump gas into five facilities began…
Analyses |
| Sławomir Matuszak
The Ukrainian electricity production sector is in an almost critical situation. On 7 November, stocks of coal reserves amounted to 584,000 tonnes, which is the lowest amount in history to be available at the start of the heating season.…
Analyses |
| Piotr Żochowski
Since the beginning of the rise in tension on the Polish-Belarusian border and the escalation of the migration crisis, Moscow has taken a position that unequivocally justifies the actions taken by Alyaksandr Lukashenka’s regime. On 1…
Analyses |
| Kamil Kłysiński
During the first three quarters of this year, Belarus recorded a GDP growth of 2.7% – this is more than the spring forecasts presented by the government and international financial institutions. The economy achieved this positive result in…