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Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
In the early morning of 10 October, the Russian army launched a massive attack on critical infrastructure facilities (mainly energy) across Ukrainian territory, using various types of missiles and so-called long-range kamikaze drones.
Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
In response to Russia’s further aggression against Ukraine and the illegal annexation of its territories, on 6 October the European Union adopted its eighth package of sanctions. Its most important element is the announcement, agreed…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Jadwiga Rogoża
Despite the escalation of Russia’s aggressive actions – the annexation of occupied territories and nuclear blackmail – Ukraine has consistently maintained its position of refusing to make concessions and has announced the restoration of…
Analyses |
| Marta Szpala
General elections were held in Bosnia & Herzegovina (BiH) on 2 October. Members of the BiH Presidium (one representative each from the Croatian, Bosnian and Serb communities) and deputies to the lower houses of parliament were elected…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
On 1 October, the week-long cycle of elections to the Senate and local governments (23-24 September) ended in the Czech Republic. One third of the senators (27 seats) were being elected – see Appendix. The greatest number of seats was won…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Piotr Żochowski
Russian forces are conducting artillery and rocket fire on enemy army positions and facilities along the entire length of the front line and individual localities, including Dnipro, Kharkiv, Kramatorsk, Sloviansk, Zaporizhzhia, Nikopol,…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
On 2 October, Slovak Defence Minister Jaroslav Nad’ signed an agreement for the local state company Konštrukta-Defence to produce 16 Zuzana 2 (155mm calibre) self-propelled howitzers which Slovakia will deliver to the Ukrainian army. The…
Analyses |
| Sławomir Matuszak
1 October marked two months since the first ship loaded with Ukrainian grain sailed from Odesa. The unblocking of food exports from three Ukrainian ports on the Black Sea (Odesa, Chernomorsk and Pivdenne) was made possible by an agreement…
Analyses |
| Sławomir Matuszak
The Russian-occupied part of Ukraine contains about 25% (about 15.5 GW) of the country’s installed power plant capacity. Of particular significance are: the Zaporizhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) – the largest facility of its kind in Europe…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Kobeszko
The early elections to Bulgaria’s 240-seat National Assembly, held on 2 October, were won by the centre-right GERB-SDS bloc of former Prime Minister Boyko Borisov. It won 25% of the vote and 67 seats. With 20% of the vote, the Continuing…