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OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Dębiec, Michał Kędzierski

Lignite in the Czech Republic and Germany controversies and prospects

Lignite still plays an important role in the Czech and German power industries, remaining one of their key sources of electricity. These countries, together with Poland, are the largest producers and consumers of this fuel in the EU. The…
OSW Commentary | | Ryszarda Formuszewicz, Szymon Kardaś, Agata Łoskot-Strachota

The dispute over Nord Stream 2 the stances and the outlook

Russian ships resumed laying the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) gas pipeline on the Baltic Sea bed in February this year. Russia’s goal is to complete the project and put it into operation as soon as possible. This coincided with media reports that…
OSW Commentary | | Szymon Kardaś, Michał Kędzierski

A hydrogen alliance The potential for German-Russian cooperation in hydrogen energy

Joint hydrogen energy projects are components of the comprehensive Russian-German energy cooperation which has been ongoing for more than five decades. Due to increasing demand for hydrogen resulting from Germany’s energy transition (…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

Wrestling in Greenland Denmark the United States and China in the land of ice

International interest in Greenland has been growing for several years. This trend is a result of the increasing global competition between the US, China and Russia (including in the Arctic) and the acceleration of climate change, which is…