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OSW Commentary | | Sławomir Matuszak, Konrad Popławski

Running on European tracks Modernising the rail network in western Ukraine during wartime

The Ukrainian government has used the ongoing war as an opportunity to carry out a rapid transformation of the railway infrastructure in the western part of the country. This process is expected to both increase the capacity of the railway…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk

Year two of the war Russia goes on the offensive the West trapped in its strategic delusions

The second year of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has not brought any breakthrough, let alone a resolution to the conflict, and all indications are that none of this could have been avoided. After 24 months of facing Russia’s full-scale…
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Ber

On the threshold of a third year of war Ukraines mobilisation crisis

At the end of 2023 the Ukrainian army was facing a serious crisis involving manpower shortage, aside from the even more serious problem posed by the shortfall of weapons and ammunition. This is particularly evident as regards the infantry…
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Jędrysiak

Will Russia pay for the war Efforts to create a compensation mechanism for Ukraine

The almost two-year-long Russian assault has inflicted huge losses on Ukraine. According to the World Bank, the latter lost $135 billion in direct costs in the first twelve months of the war alone. The total economic, social and monetary…