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Point of View | | Kamil Kłysiński, Piotr Żochowski

Focused on survival. The Belarusian political and business elite post-2020

The marginalisation of the civilian segment of the state apparatus at all levels of government which has been ongoing since 2020 is to the advantage of the state security sector which at present forms the main internal pillar of Lukashenka…
OSW Studies | | Jakub Jakóbowski, Kamil Kłysiński

The non-strategic partnership. Belarus-China relations

Relations between China and Belarus have been developing intensively over the past decade. This process has been fuelled by Beijing’s growing global ambitions as well as Minsk’s efforts to modernise the Belarusian economy and to partially…
OSW Studies | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein, Szymon Kardaś, Kamil Kłysiński, Wojciech Konończuk

Troublesome Investment. The Belarusian Nuclear Power Plant in Astravyets

When Belarus embarked on the construction of its first nuclear power plant in Astravyets in 2012, the official objective was to significantly reduce the share played by imported Russian gas in the country’s electricity production.
OSW Studies | | Kamil Kłysiński, Piotr Żochowski

The End Of The Myth of a brot herly Belarus Russian soft power in Belarus after 2014 the background and its manifestations

The Russian narrative on Belarus changed in 2014, when Russian expert circles and the government elite essentially redefined their perception of their Belarusian ally in the context of the conflict in Ukraine and the escalation of tensions…
OSW Studies | | Iwona Wiśniewska

Eurasian integration Russias attempt at the economic unification of the Post-Soviet area

In 2009, Vladimir Putin, the then Russian prime minister, gave impetus to the establishment of closer relations within what was then a still narrow group of three countries: Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus. Close co-operation is expected to…
Point of View | | Agata Wierzbowska-Miazga

Support as a means of subordination Russias policy on Belarus

Despite the conflicts and frictions in their bilateral relations, Russia has for years regularly invested in Belarus. Moscow’s support has become an important factor allowing the Belarusian economic model to continue, which in turn helps…
OSW Studies | | Kamil Kłysiński, Agata Wierzbowska-Miazga

Changes in the political elite economy and society of Belarus Appearances and reality

In late 2006 and early 2007, relations between Russia and Belarus were hit by the most serious crisis in many years. In a setting of heightened tension, the Belarusian authorities decided to gradually modify their economic policy and…
OSW Studies | | Wojciech Konończuk

DIFFICULT ALLY Belarus in Russias foreign policy

Belarus holds a special position in Russian policy due to its geopolitical, military and transit significance. Russia's influence and position in the entire Eastern European region largely depend on how strong Russian influence in Belarus…
Point of View | | Katarzyna Pełczyńska-Nałęcz

The ENP in practice - the European Unions policy towards Russia Ukraine Belarus and Moldova one year after the publication of the Strategy Paper

Clear qualitative changes have taken place in relations between the European Union and its Eastern neighbours over the past year. The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) has been playing a significant part in the context of these changes
OSW Studies | | Rafał Sadowski

Cross-border Co-operation at the new Eastern Border of the European Union

The European Union's new border with Eastern European countries, Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, is approximately 3000 km long. It has vital meaning for the Union in terms of security as well as for social and economic reasons. Unlike the…