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Analyses | | Witold Rodkiewicz
On 17 March, the US television channel ABC broadcast excerpts from an interview with President Joe Biden, in which inter alia he answered in the affirmative to a question from the host, a well-known American journalist, of whether he…
OSW Commentary | | Ryszarda Formuszewicz, Szymon Kardaś, Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Russian ships resumed laying the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) gas pipeline on the Baltic Sea bed in February this year. Russia’s goal is to complete the project and put it into operation as soon as possible. This coincided with media reports that…
Point of View | | Marek Menkiszak
French President Emmanuel Macron has proclaimed the need to engage in dialogue with Russia and work with it to build an architecture of trust and security in Europe; he has managed to partially revive the channels of communication (…
OSW Report | | Andrzej Wilk
In the 2010s, Minsk lost the remnants of its independent defence capabilities and completely ceded the initiative to Moscow in this regard, remaining content with the appearance of sovereignty. The process of Belarusian-Russian military…
OSW Commentary | | Szymon Kardaś, Michał Kędzierski
Joint hydrogen energy projects are components of the comprehensive Russian-German energy cooperation which has been ongoing for more than five decades. Due to increasing demand for hydrogen resulting from Germany’s energy transition (…
Analyses | | Kamil Kłysiński, Szymon Kardaś
On 19 February, Belarus and Russia signed an agreement to redirect exports of some Belarusian petroleum products from ports in the Baltic states to Russian ones. The three-year agreement covers the total handling of up to 9.8 million…
Analyses | | Katarzyna Chawryło, Kamil Kłysiński
On 22 February, Vladimir Putin and Alyaksandr Lukashenka met in Krasnaya Polyana near Sochi. This is the first time the two leaders talked in person since 14 September last year. According to scant official information (no press conference…
OSW Commentary | | Maria Domańska
In December 2020, President Vladimir Putin signed a package of laws tightening regulations on non-governmental organisations, public gatherings and media censorship. It is one of the elements marking a new quality in the Kremlin’s domestic…
Analyses | | Jadwiga Rogoża
On February 8, the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) released demographic data for 2020, showing that Russia has experienced its largest population decrease since 2005. Its main cause is excess mortality – by 18% compared to 2019…
OSW Commentary | | Jadwiga Rogoża, Iwona Wiśniewska
In December 2020, Russia launched a mass-scale action for vaccinating its citizens with the domestically produced Sputnik V coronavirus vaccine. It was only on 2 February 2021 that the Gamaleya Institute, which developed the vaccine,…