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OSW Commentary |
| Jadwiga Rogoża, Katarzyna Chawryło, Piotr Żochowski
Due to the dynamic and surprising development of events in Belarus, Russia’s previous tactic –weakening Alyaksandr Lukashenka’s position in order to force further integration with Russia – has had to change.
OSW Commentary |
| Jadwiga Rogoża, Iwona Wiśniewska
The end of May 2020 saw the biggest known environmental disaster in the Russian Arctic. The thermal power plant in Norilsk in Krasnoyarsk Krai, controlled by the Norilsk Nickel company, contaminated soil and water with more than 21,000…
OSW Commentary |
| Szymon Kardaś
In recent years, numerous countries have adopted their national hydrogen strategies and begun to implement them. In July 2020, the European Union also adopted its strategic document in this field. Although the actions described in the…
Analyses |
| Maria Domańska
A nationwide vote on constitutional amendments was held in Russia from 25 June to 1 July. The main objectives of the constitutional reform are to enable Vladimir Putin to potentially hold the office of president until 2036, and to…
Analyses |
| Maria Domańska
On 18 June, the American conservative magazine The National Interest, which represents US intellectual circles favouring a pragmatic dialogue with Russia, published an article written by Vladimir Putin. In his long essay the Russian…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk
President Vladimir Putin’s decree of 2 June, entitled ‘On the foundations of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of nuclear deterrence’ has been described as a document on defence planning at the strategic level. It…
Analyses |
| Marek Menkiszak
On 21 May, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced that the United States would notify the states party to the Open Skies Treaty (OST) on 22 May of its withdrawal from this agreement, which will take place within the next six months.…
Analyses |
| Szymon Kardaś, Kamil Kłysiński
On 15 May, Foreign Minister Uladzimir Makey announced that the US would start supplying Belarus with oil, with the first delivery to be made in June to the port in Klaipeda (Argus reports that this will be 90,000 tonnes) and then unloaded…
Analyses |
| Ryszarda Formuszewicz, Szymon Kardaś
On May 15, Germany’s Federal Network Agency (BNetzA) rejected the Nord Stream 2 company’s request to grant the Nord Stream 2 pipeline derogations from the EU’s gas directive. The agency did not share the economic and functional…
Point of View |
| Jolanta Darczewska
Rosgvardiya is the largest internal security structure in Russia. It has been assigned independent functions (policing and intervention, critical infrastructure security, oversight of security contractors and private gun owners), and…