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OSW Commentary |
| Marcin Jędrysiak
The almost two-year-long Russian assault has inflicted huge losses on Ukraine. According to the World Bank, the latter lost $135 billion in direct costs in the first twelve months of the war alone. The total economic, social and monetary…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
According to estimates published by the Argus agency, in 2023 Gazprom sold 69.3 bcm of natural gas to the so-called ‘far abroad’ countries (Europe excluding the Baltic States, plus Turkey and China). This represents a decrease of nearly 33…
Analyses |
| Miłosz Bartosiewicz, Piotr Żochowski
A 100-strong Russian contingent landed in Burkina Faso in late January, and another 200 men are expected to join it in the future. The arrivals are part of the Africa Corps, a force that was recently formed by the Russian defence ministry…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
In the second half of January, a series of fires were started in industrial facilities linked to the Russian oil and fuel sector, including the gas condensate processing plant located in the Baltic port of Ust-Luga (Leningrad oblast),…
OSW Report |
| Konrad Popławski, Sandra Baniak, Adam Michalski, Marcin Popławski
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has now been ongoing for almost two years, is not only leading to significant political re-evaluations, but is also bringing with it significant transformations in Eurasian transport routes. One of the…
Analyses |
| Jakub Ber, Piotr Żochowski, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses |
| Miłosz Bartosiewicz
On 17 January, Fail Alsynov, one of the informal leaders of the Bashkir national movement, was sentenced to four years in a penal colony for allegedly inciting ethnic hatred. Protests in defence of Alsynov broke out in the town of Baymak,…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski