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OSW Commentary | | Zespół Niemiec i Europy Północnej OSW

Course adjustment the CDUCSU–SPD coalition agreement

On 9 April, the leaders of the CDU/CSU and the SPD announced a consensus on a coalition agreement. The 144-page document must still be approved by the respective parties – a process expected to take around three weeks and likely to result…
OSW Report | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Energy policy in times of war and transition. Priorities of the Central and Eastern European countries and Germany

Since the outbreak of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, the effective implementation of three key energy policy objectives has gained importance: ensuring energy security alongside the EU’s ambitious climate agenda, maintaining…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

The EUs gas market in 2025 Russian gas new US policy and strategic uncertainties

The EU gas market faces a turbulent year in 2025. With the cessation of Russian gas transit through Ukraine from 1 January and a significant depletion of storage reserves during the winter season, concerns over rising prices in the next…
Point of View | | Łukasz Maślanka

The patchwork defence union. Shifts in the EU’s security policy following the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 provided an impulse for the development of EU security and defence policy initiatives. Member states provided significant military assistance to Kyiv, making innovative use of Common…
OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk

Year three of the war Russias hopes for victory and a crisis in transatlantic relations

Despite advances by Russian forces, the third year of full-scale war has not seen a fundamental shift in the military situation. However, it has brought a significant political shift with Donald Trump assuming the US presidency on 20…
OSW Commentary | | Aleksandra Kozaczyńska

The debt brake Germany in a crisis of uncertainty

The debt brake (Schuldenbremse) is a German constitutional rule introduced during the global financial crisis in 2009 to ensure the country’s financial stability. Under this mechanism, the annual federal deficit cannot exceed 0.35% of GDP…
OSW Report |

The Russian Challenge. A Polish-German expert paper for a new Russia policy

Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine is in a critical phase: The Russian military is making territorial gains while Western support for Ukraine is stagnant. Add to this the massive uncertainty about the future US policy. In this…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Frymark

An alternative alliance will Germanys extreme right and extreme left parties join forces

Pro-Russian, anti-EU, and anti-American parties – the far right Alternative for Germany (AfD) and the far left Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW) – have been gaining ground in Germany. In the September elections to the Landtags in Saxony and…
OSW Report | | Marek Menkiszak

Winning the war with Russia is still possible. The West’s counter-strategy towards Moscow

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine aims to subjugate or destroy Ukraine, overturn the current political and security order in Europe, and fundamentally revise the global order. The conflict is systemic in nature and will continue as…