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OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Dębiec

Deeper reconciliation or reopening old wounds Controversy over the gathering of the German expellee association in the Czech Republic

The annual gathering of the Sudeten German Homeland Association – the largest organisation representing Germans expelled from Czechoslovakia and their descendants – has sparked considerable political controversy and media debate in the…
OSW Report | | Piotr Szymański, Jacek Tarociński

Security cooperation formats in the Baltic Sea Region. Recommendations for the Council of the Baltic Sea States

    Contents Introduction Summary I. Security-related cooperation platforms in the Baltic Sea region
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Frymark, Lidia Gibadło

A new Ostpolitik Ukraine as a priority of the Merz government

One year after the CDU/CSU–SPD coalition took office, the continuation of civilian and military support for Kyiv remains one of the principal directions of German foreign policy.
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak

Sometimes it is better not to talk Pitfalls of potential dialogue between Europe and Russia

In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Excessive dependence The growing role of US LNG and oil in the EU market

Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…
OSW Report | | Paulina Uznańska

Smartphones on wheels. Connected cars from China and the EU’s cybersecurity

  INTRODUCTION I. CONNECTED CARS: CHINA’S PERSPECTIVE 1. Beijing’s risk calculus
OSW Commentary | | Aleksandra Kozaczyńska

At the monopolists mercy Germanys dependence on Chinese rare earth elements

The trade war between the United States and China has triggered serious economic repercussions for the EU, including Germany. In response to Washington’s tariff increases in April 2025, Beijing not only raised duties on US goods but also…
OSW Commentary | | Michał Kędzierski

A fragile future decarbonisation of Germanys steel sector

The steel industry in Germany holds significant economic importance for the development of key sectors, such as automotive manufacturing and machinery production. Its strategic role is further increasing in the context of rising defence…
OSW Commentary | | Michał Kędzierski

More continuity than change the Merz governments Energiewende

Under the new government, Germany’s energy and climate policy is likely to undergo only limited adjustments rather than any fundamental shifts. Both the coalition agreement between the CDU/CSU and the SPD and the early weeks of Friedrich…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

NATO summit in The Hague Trumps return and a two-component 5 of GDP on defence

The NATO summit in The Hague (24–25 June) – the first chaired by new Secretary General Mark Rutte – was minimalist in both form and content. It concluded with a record-low five-point declaration. This approach to a meeting of NATO heads of…