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OSW Report |
| Marek Menkiszak
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine aims to subjugate or destroy Ukraine, overturn the current political and security order in Europe, and fundamentally revise the global order. The conflict is systemic in nature and will continue as…
Analyses |
| Witold Rodkiewicz
On 20 June, Vladimir Putin paid an official visit to Vietnam, where he met the country’s top politicians, including the president, the prime minister, the general secretary of the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam and the speaker of the…
OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska
NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
OSW Report |
| Konrad Popławski, Sandra Baniak, Adam Michalski, Marcin Popławski
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has now been ongoing for almost two years, is not only leading to significant political re-evaluations, but is also bringing with it significant transformations in Eurasian transport routes. One of the…
Analyses |
| Michał Bogusz, Kamil Kłysiński
Alyaksandr Lukashenka paid an official visit to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) between 28 February and 2 March. His accompanying delegation included the First Deputy Prime Minister Mikalay Snapkou and the Minister of Foreign Affairs…
Analyses |
| Michał Bogusz, Krzysztof Nieczypor
On 24 February 2023, the first anniversary of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China revealed a twelve-point document entitled ‘China’s Position on the Political Settlement of the…
OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Jakóbowski, Krzysztof Nieczypor
Chinese-Ukrainian relations are still defined by the events of 2014: the Ukrainian Revolution of Dignity and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Their consequences continue to block high-level political dialogue between Kyiv and Beijing,…
OSW Studies |
| Jakub Jakóbowski, Kamil Kłysiński
Relations between China and Belarus have been developing intensively over the past decade. This process has been fuelled by Beijing’s growing global ambitions as well as Minsk’s efforts to modernise the Belarusian economy and to partially…
Analyses |
| Jakub Jakóbowski
Zhao Lijian, the spokesperson of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, was asked to comment on the Belarusian protests at a press conference on 19 August. He said that China respects the “Belarusian people's choice of development path”…