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OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska
NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
Analyses |
| Piotr Szymański, Jacek Tarociński
On 30 April, Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen’s government (a coalition of the Social Democrats, the liberal Venstre party and the Moderates) and the majority of the opposition reached a landmark cross-party defence agreement to raise…
Analyses |
| Jacek Tarociński
On 30 April, the defence ministers of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden signed a document setting out their overall common vision for the development of Nordic defence cooperation up to 2030 under NORDEFCO. Their collaboration…
Analyses |
| Jacek Tarociński
The second round of the presidential election in Finland was held on 11 February, and all the votes were counted on the same day. The winner was Alexander Stubb, running on behalf of the centre-right National Coalition Party, which…
Analyses |
| Jacek Tarociński
Sweden, Finland and Denmark signed bilateral Defence Cooperation Agreements (DCAs) with the United States in December. Under the DCAs, the US ArmedForces have been granted unrestricted access to the military infrastructure (air, sea and…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski
On 19 December 2023, Securing Energy for Europe (SEFE), a German state-controlled gas company, signed a long-term contract with the Norwegian Equinor energy company to supply 111 TWh of gas annually in the period from 2024 to 2034 (which…
OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Graca, Jacek Tarociński
Sweden has been on the threshold of membership in NATO since the Alliance’s Madrid summit in June 2022. However, for its full-fledged participation in all NATO political and military structures, it still needs Turkey and Hungary to ratify…
Analyses |
| Jakub Graca, Witold Rodkiewicz
For several days Finland has been facing a rise in the number of asylum seekers arriving on Finnish territory from Russia via crossing points on the southern section of the border. Most of these migrants are third-country nationals who do…
Analyses |
| Joanna Hyndle-Hussein
On 8 October, the gas transmission operators (Finland’s Gasgrid and Estonia’s Elering) noticed a drop in pressure in the Balticconnector bi-directional undersea gas pipeline, which connects the gas systems of Finland and Estonia through…
OSW Commentary |
| Bartosz Chmielewski, Jacek Tarociński
The migratory pressure on the Polish, Lithuanian and Latvian borders with Belarus which has been ongoing since mid-2021, as well as Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, have spurred the Baltic states and Finland to ramp up their…