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Point of View | | Justyna Gotkowska

Swedens security. The long way towards total defence

Since 2008, Swedish security policy has drawn keen interest from the countries of the Nordic and Baltic states, NATO, as well as the US and Russia. The allied member states have hoped to see Sweden join NATO, while Russia has sought to…
OSW Studies | | Piotr Szymański

With Russia right across the border. Finland’s security policy

Finland sees Russia as a source of opportunities and threats. On the one hand, Russia is an important trade partner. On the other hand, Finland is concerned by the Russian vision of the international order based on great powers’ spheres of…
OSW Studies | | Piotr Szymański

The multi-speed Baltic States Reinforcing the defence capabilities of Lithuania Latvia and Estonia

The Baltic states are often viewed by the West and Russia as a single region. However, the different economic and demographic potentials, strategic cultures and geographic location result in differences in their defence solutions.
OSW Studies | | Piotr Szymański, Justyna Gotkowska

Between co-operation and membership Sweden and Finlands relations with NATO

Sweden and Finland’s membership in NATO would significantly improve the level of security in the Baltic Sea region in the long-term by changing the politico-military imbalance that is currently in Russia’s favour. However, it is unlikely…
Point of View | | Justyna Gotkowska

Norway and the Bear Norwegian defence policy - lessons for the Baltic Sea region

Norway is currently the only ‘old’ NATO member that strongly relies on the traditional dimension of NATO's collective defence.
Point of View | | Justyna Gotkowska

Sitting on the fence Swedish defence policy and the Baltic Sea region

Sweden finds itself in the midst of the most heated debates about defence policy and the direction of military reforms since the end of the Cold War, as Stockholm faces the challenge of finding a new military security formula.  
OSW Studies | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein, Miryna Kutysz

Russian-speakers in Latvia and Estonia

Russians or so-called Russian-speakers in Latvia and Estonia pose a significant problem for both countries. Russian-speakers are a numerous minority in Latvia and Estonia, which causes deep division in these countries from the ethnical…
OSW Studies | | Miryna Kutysz, Joanna Hyndle-Hussein

Lithuania Latvia and Estonias aspirations to integrate with NATO and the EU in the context of these countries relations with Russia

Membership of NATO and the EU is apriority of the foreign policies of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. The main stimulus that drives these membership aspirations is the will to ensure the security of these countries and to ultimately…