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OSW Commentary |
| Katarzyna Chawryło, Iwona Wiśniewska
The mobilisation of 300,000 reservists into the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which has been ongoing since the end of September 2022, has laid bare the chaos in the administrative apparatus and has given rise to concern among…
OSW Commentary |
| Jacek Tarociński
The Russian aggression against Ukraine has highlighted the crucial role of air and missile defence in modern full-scale conflicts. A multi-layered, adequately saturated and integrated system is necessary to provide cover for troops, and…
OSW Commentary |
| Lidia Gibadło, Sebastian Płóciennik
The COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have highlighted the differences in interests between Paris and Berlin, and caused tension to accumulate in their bilateral relations. The significance of this tension goes beyond the purely…
OSW Commentary |
| Marek Matusiak
A new Israeli government was sworn in on 29 December 2022, as Benjamin Netanyahu took the helm as prime minister for the sixth time in his career, after a year and a half in opposition. Negotiations on forming a government coalition had…
OSW Commentary |
| Sławomir Matuszak
Ukraine’s power plants and electricity grid have been subjected to regular, massive shelling campaigns using ballistic missiles and kamikaze drones for the past three months. Although they have not so far brought about a permanent…
OSW Commentary |
| Michał Kędzierski
Due to Russia’s aggression against Ukraine and the mounting energy and gas crisis in Europe, 2022 saw a spell of permanent crisis management in the German energy sector, in particular gas. The structure of Germany’s imports has changed…
OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
Miloš Zeman will complete his second presidential term in March 2023. He will be replaced by one of eight candidates who will face off in the January elections. The first round of voting will take place on 13–14 January, with a second…
OSW Commentary |
| Szymon Kardaś
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine will have serious consequences for the health of the Russian oil sector, which is one of the most important branches of the country’s economy. Although its production and export performance, and consequently…
OSW Commentary |
| Michał Bogusz
In November 2022, China’s leader Xi Jinping embarked on a wide-ranging diplomatic campaign to prevent an uncontrolled breakdown of relations with the West, which should be considered a short-term success, at least in terms of reopening…
OSW Commentary |
| Marta Szpala
At the beginning of September 2022, Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan paid a visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Serbia and Croatia. The trip was the culmination of Turkish diplomatic activity towards the region in recent months.