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Analyses |
| Kamil Frymark, Lidia Gibadło
On 5 July, the leaders of the government coalition formed by the SPD, the Greens and the FDP announced they had reached an agreement on the budget plan for 2025. It includes three elements: budget guidelines, an amendment to the law on…
Analyses |
| Marcin Popławski, OSW team
On 3–4 July, the 24th summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) was held in Astana. It was attended by the leaders of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan…
Analyses |
| Marek Matusiak
Since 8 October last year, parallel to the war in Gaza, there has been an exchange of fire on the Israeli-Lebanese border between the Israeli army and Hezbollah, a pro-Iranian Shia armed group. This confrontation is a persistent feature of…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska, Krzysztof Nieczypor
On 2 July, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and President Volodymyr Zelensky met in Kyiv. This was his first visit to Ukraine in seven years, taking place a day after Budapest assumed the rotating presidency of the Council of the…
OSW Commentary |
| Katarzyna Chawryło
Russia has seen a negative natural population growth rate for three decades, except for a brief period between 2013 and 2015. Since 2020, the natural population decline has no longer been offset by a positive migration balance. As a result…
Analyses |
| Jakub Ber, Piotr Żochowski, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses |
| Marcin Popławski
In June, efforts were made to enhance economic and political cooperation between South Korea and Central Asian countries. K-Silk Road Cooperation, the first-ever South Korean strategy for the region, was announced at the beginning of the…
OSW Commentary |
| Robert Pszczel
Ukraine’s defensive war is a struggle for high stakes: the existence of the Ukrainian state and the security of the entire Western world. The upcoming NATO summit in Washington, like the previous one in Vilnius, will not bring any…
Analyses |
| Kamil Kłysiński
On 27 June, Alyaksandr Lukashenka announced a number of appointments to important government positions. The key post of Head of the Presidential Administration went to the Belarusian ambassador to Moscow, Dzmitry Krutoi, who has previously…
OSW Commentary |
| Miłosz Bartosiewicz
Russia’s public services are facing chronic issues, stemming from insufficient funding, staff shortages and uneven socio-economic development. These challenges have been exacerbated by Russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine, as the…