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Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska, Łukasz Kobeszko
On 13 October 2023, a law came into effect in Bulgaria which introduces an additional transit fee (referred to as the ‘energy levy’) for the import and transit of natural gas from the Russian Federation. The new levy was introduced as part…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Sadecki
On 17 October 2023 in Beijing, on the sidelines of the Belt and Road Forum organised by China, Hungary’s prime minister Viktor Orbán met Russian President Vladimir Putin. The talks included issues such as gas and oil supplies from Russia…
OSW Commentary |
| OSW team
The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the discussion about possible EU enlargement have given new impetus to the EU debate on institutional reforms. It is mainly Germany which has been setting the tone in this debate. For the ruling SPD-…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor
On 21 September the Verkhovna Rada, the parliament of Ukraine, voted to amend the Law on National Minorities (Communities). All the parliamentary groups unanimously voted in its favour (only three MPs abstained from voting, no one opposed…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
In the elections held on 30 September to the Národná Rada, the unicameral Slovak parliament, the best result was achieved by the national-left party Smer (Direction)-Social Democracy, led by the former three-time prime minister Robert Fico…
OSW Commentary |
| Sandra Baniak
For many years, it seemed that the Adriatic ports would not offer any significant competition to those in the North and the Baltic Seas in their rivalry for Central European markets. However, in recent times investments in port and access…
OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
The election to Slovakia’s unicameral parliament, scheduled for 30 September, will bring significant changes to the composition of the National Council, and the new government is likely to adjust the country’s foreign policy. The left-…
OSW Commentary |
| Ilona Gizińska, Andrzej Sadecki
Despite the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Hungarian government has declared it is fully determined to build the Paks II Nuclear Power Plant, the main contractor of which is Russia’s Rosatom. Several important decisions have been taken…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
President Zuzana Čaputová announced on 20 June that she would not be seeking re-election in the spring 2024 elections. In a statement issued, she said that “from the professional and human point of view” she has had the toughest four years…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska
According to press reports, the Hungarian government is blocking the payment to EU member states of the next tranche (€500 million) of funding from the European Peace Facility (EPF), which reimburses the military support provided to Kyiv…