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OSW Report |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since the outbreak of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, the effective implementation of three key energy policy objectives has gained importance: ensuring energy security alongside the EU’s ambitious climate agenda, maintaining…
Point of View |
| Łukasz Maślanka
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 provided an impulse for the development of EU security and defence policy initiatives. Member states provided significant military assistance to Kyiv, making innovative use of Common…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański
NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska
Between 11 and 12 February, Alice Weidel, the chancellor candidate endorsed by the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party, visited Budapest. During a nearly hour-long joint press conference, Viktor Orbán stated that he regarded all…
OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska
NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Sadecki
On 9–11 October, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán paid a visit to Germany, the highlight of which was a meeting with Chancellor Olaf Scholz. According to press reports, Orbán also met with Angela Merkel and former CDU leader Armin Laschet. In…
Analyses |
| Konrad Popławski
On 27 May, the European Commission announced a recovery plan for the EU economy, the key element of which is the creation of the Next Generation EU fund, planned to amount to €750 billion. The basis for the proposal was the German-French…