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OSW Report | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Energy policy in times of war and transition. Priorities of the Central and Eastern European countries and Germany

Since the outbreak of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, the effective implementation of three key energy policy objectives has gained importance: ensuring energy security alongside the EU’s ambitious climate agenda, maintaining…
Point of View | | Łukasz Maślanka

The patchwork defence union. Shifts in the EU’s security policy following the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 provided an impulse for the development of EU security and defence policy initiatives. Member states provided significant military assistance to Kyiv, making innovative use of Common…
OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk

Year three of the war Russias hopes for victory and a crisis in transatlantic relations

Despite advances by Russian forces, the third year of full-scale war has not seen a fundamental shift in the military situation. However, it has brought a significant political shift with Donald Trump assuming the US presidency on 20…
Analyses | | Jacek Tarociński

NATO brigades in the Baltic states new chapters in the long march toward deployment

On 17 October, the defence ministers of Estonia and the United Kingdom signed a bilateral defence roadmap, outlining steps to further enhance the British military presence in Estonia. From July 2025, the UK will maintain a light brigade on…
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska

NATOs nuclear deterrence is it time for change

NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
Analyses | | Justyna Gotkowska, Jakub Graca

The German Brigade Lithuania

On 18 December in Vilnius, Boris Pistorius and Arvydas Anušauskas, the defence ministers of Germany and Lithuania, signed the so-called roadmap for the deployment of a German brigade in Lithuania (‘Brigade Lithuania’). Its headquarters…
Analyses | | Lidia Gibadło, Joanna Hyndle-Hussein

Controversy over deployment of German brigade in Lithuania

On 26–27 April, the Lithuanian president Gitanas Nausėda paid a working visit to Germany. Its highlights were his meeting with Chancellor Olaf Scholz and the speech he gave at the Körber Foundation under the title Zeitenwende. The turning…
Analyses |

Angela Merkel in Lithuania

On 6 September the German chancellor Angela Merkel paid a visit to Lithuania. Vilnius had hoped for quite a lot from this visit: it was expected that Germany would back Lithuania’s energy policy, particularly Lithuania’s efforts to…