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OSW Commentary |
| Sebastian Płóciennik
Germany is among the biggest beneficiaries of the global economic system based on free trade and on cross-border organisation of production. However, the functioning of this system has been recently disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic,…
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska
For some time now, Germany has been vigorously discussing military aid deliveries to Ukraine. The German government, which made a landmark decision in the first days of the invasion to start supplying Kyiv with weapons, became more…
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has undermined the principle of German policy based on the notion that “the security of Europe can only be built with Russia, not against it”. Most German elites have come to understand that Putin’s Russia…
Analyses |
| Anna Kwiatkowska
Germany has decided to radically revise its policy towards Russia. The government of Olaf Scholz has suspended the certification process of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, agreed to the exclusion of selected Russian banks from the SWIFT…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski, Szymon Kardaś, Agata Łoskot-Strachota
On 22 February, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz announced that he had instructed the economy minister Robert Habeck to withdraw the positive assessment of the impact of launching the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) gas pipeline on the security of gas…
OSW Commentary |
| Michał Kędzierski
The German economy is heavily dependent on natural gas, almost all of which it purchases from foreign suppliers. More than half of this is from Russia. For years, Germany underestimated the dangerous degree of its gas dependence on Russia…
OSW Commentary |
| Sebastian Płóciennik
The Chinese government’s trade boycott of Lithuania risks causing economic losses for Germany and weakening the cohesion of the EU’s common market. However, Berlin is unlikely to take any decisive actions – such as pushing through…
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański
The NATO member states do not have a common position concerning sending arms supplies to Ukraine. In January, under increasing military pressure from Russia, it was the US, the UK, the Baltic states, the Czech Republic and Poland which…
OSW Report |
| Michał Kędzierski
The phasing out of coal (Kohleausstieg) is the next stage of Germany’s energy transformation, after nuclear power plant shutdowns. Lignite and hard coal still play an important role in the German energy sector, but are also a significant…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Tadeusz Iwański
In recent days, there has been a crisis in relations between Ukraine and Germany, caused by a series of actions by Berlin that impeded the transfer of weapons to the Ukrainian army in the face of a potential attack from Russia, as well as…